典型山区居民生活水平评价及空间差异——以四川省凉山州为例

Evaluation and Spatial Difference on Residents' Living Standards in Representative Mountain Areas:A Case Study of Liangshan Yizu Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province

通过建立城乡居民生活水平评价指标体系,以西南山区的四川省凉山州彝族自治州为例,运用主成分分析法,分别计算出各县(市)城乡居民综合生活水平指数、农村居民生活水平指数和城镇居民生活水平指数,并将其划分成较高、中等和较低三级。通过空间自相关模型分析发现,县域居民生活水平表现出较强的空间聚集性,空间差异明显;相对于城镇居民生活水平而言,农村居民生活水平空间聚集特征更加明显。造成凉山州城乡居民生活水平空间差异的原因有:1.少数民族人口的空间分布。县域城乡居民综合生活水平、农村居民生活水平与其少数民族人口比例呈高度负相关。2.地理资源的空间分布。凉山州地理资源条件较好的安宁河流域的"五县一市"城乡居民综合生活水平指数和农村居民生活水平指数均高于其他县域。3.农村居民生活水平的空间差异更加明显。凉山州城乡居民综合生活水平的空间差异主要体现为农村居民生活水平的空间差异。随后,对提高山区居民生活水平特别是农村居民生活水平,促进其区域协调发展的相关政策措施进行了简单探讨。

By establishing the evaluation area in southwest China named system on residents＇ living standards, Liangshan Yizu Autonomous Prefecture this paper takes the representative of Sichuan province as an example employing the method of principal component analysis to calculate the following three indexes in each county re-spectively ： the index of urban and rural residents＇ comprehensive living standards （URRCLS） ; the index of rural residents＇ living standard （RRLS） ; the index of urban residents＇ living standard （ URLS）, and then further put them into upper, medium and lower levelS. The results, derived from Spatial Autocorrelation Model, reveal that there are significant spatial autocorrelations and strong spatial Aggregation for URRCLS, RRLS and URLS in Liangs- han Prefecture, and they have .obvious spatial difference; Relative to URLS, the spatial Aggregation features of RRLS are more obvious. The reasons which make the spatial difference above include：l. The Spatial distribution pattern of the minority nationality. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the index of urban and rural residents＇ comprehensive living standards and the index of rural residents＇ living standard negatively correlate with proportion of minority nationality; because most of minority nationalities are living in rural areas, there are little relativity be- tween urban residents＇ livings and proportion of minority nationality. 2. The Spatial distribution of its geographical resources. Residents＇ living standards correspond with geographical resource condition and its spatial position to a great extent. The URRCLS and the RRLS of ＂the five counties and one city＂ in Anning River Basin are both higher than that in other counties. 3. The spatial difference features of RRLS are more obvious than that of URLS. The spatial difference of URRCLS in Liangshan Prefecture is mainly presented as the spatial difference of its RRLS, Therefore, the rural residents＇ living standards come to be the key point of improving the residents＇ living standard in Liangshan Prefecture. Lastly, this paper simply discusses the related policies and measures on improving resi- dents＇ living standard in mountain areas especially in rural areas to promote regional harmonious development.