五台山旅游干扰下不同植被景观区物种的生态特性

Ecological Characteristics of Species in the Different Vegetation Landscape Districts with Tourism Disturbance in Wutai Mountains

从植物的科属和区系特征、以及生活型和生态型的角度,分析了五台山旅游干扰下不同植被景观区植物种的生态特性。结果表明:1.旅游干扰强烈的区域,其属数和种数明显小于旅游干扰少的。豆科、毛茛科、菊科、蔷薇科和禾本科的种类出现的频率最高,属于忍耐性的种类。单型科、单型属、单型种出现的频率也较高。2.就物种的区系对旅游干扰的生态响应而言,温带成分具有广泛分布的态势,而世界分布和热带分布的种类贫乏。随着旅游干扰程度的增加,物种区系成分趋于单一。3.随着旅游干扰程度的增加,高位芽植物的比例在不断减小,地面芽植物的比例在不断增加。4.随着旅游干扰程度的增加,中生植物的比例在不断减少,旱生植物的比例在趋于增加。而湿生植物没有表现出明显的规律性。

Species characteristics in the different vegetation landscape districts with tourism disturbance are studied from their families, genera, life-form and ecology-form in Wutai Mountains. It shows that ： （ 1 ） The number of gen- era and species is much less in the area with serious disturbance than with little disturbance. The appearing fre- quency of species in the families of Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae, compositae, Rosaceae and Poaceae is the most, and they belong to the endurance species. Moreover, single family, genera and species often appear. （2） As of the ecological response for species flora to tourism disturbance, the component in the temperate zone distribute widely, however, those in all the world and the tropical zone are poor. The flora trends to be single with the increasing dis- turbance. （3） As tourism disturbance is increasing, the proportion of phaenerophytes is decreasing gradually, and that of hemicryptophytes is increasing. （4） With the increasing disturbance, the proportion of mesophytes is de- creasing gradually, and that of xerophytes trends to increase. As of hygrophytes, there is not an obvious rule.