施肥对烤烟产量、品质及土壤养分、酶活性的影响

Influence of fertilization on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,soil nutrient and enzyme activity

田间试验设置不施肥、单施化肥和有机无机配施3种施肥处理,研究了施肥对烤烟产量、质量及土壤养分、酶活性的影响。结果表明,在有机无机配施的处理中,烟叶产量最高,中上等烟比不施肥和单施化肥分别提高了24.6%和13.2%,土壤有效养分的变化与烤烟生理需要相协调。此外,施肥显著增强土壤脲酶活性;有机无机配施显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性;土壤过氧化氢酶活性有机无机配施最高,单施化肥次之,不施肥最低。在不施肥的处理中,土壤酶活性在烤烟主要生育期无显著差异;但在施肥处理中,土壤酶活性随烤烟生育期的延长而提高,说明肥料养分(或有机质)与土温升高的交互作用可能是土壤酶活性提高的主要原因之一。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertilization on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,soil nutrient and enzyme activity.The experimental treatments included blank control（without fertilizers CK）,chemical fertilizers（CF）and mixture of manure and chemical fertilizers（MCF）.MCF showed the highest yields of tobacco leaves and increased high and middle grade leaves by 24.6% compared with CK and 13.2% with CF.The changes of available nutrients in met physiologically tobacco nutrient requirements in MCF treatment.In addition,urease activities were increased significantly by both CF and MCF and invertase only by MCF.Catalase activity was lowest in CK,less in CF and highest in MCF.There was no significant variation in soil enzyme activities in different growth periods of tobacco in no fertilizer treatment,while they increased as growth period prolonged.The reason for this increment could be interaction between fertilizer nutrient（or organic matter）and high soil temperature.