新中国农村基层干部的文化解读——兼谈乡村社会变迁与国家政权建设

Cultural Comprehension of Rural Grassroots Cadres since the Establishment of the P.R.C.

目前学界对中国农村政治的研究已经基本达成比较一致的见解,即国家与社会二元对立分析框架是从西方经验中抽象出来的理想概念,并不适用于中国农村研究;在中国,国家与社会是相生相依的,双方共同造就了富有中国特色的地方秩序。在这种国家与社会互动的地方秩序中,农村基层干部起到了非常关键的作用,他们富有中国乡土性特征的实践构建着普通农民与国家之间的特殊关系,也塑造了不同时期乡村社会发展的独特性。本文通过剖析农村基层干部在国家与社会之间互动的实践,反映这一特殊群体在新中国成立以来的四个不同历史阶段所扮演的角色和行为特征,用更深层次的学术分类揭示新中国乡村社会的变迁以及国家政权建设的历史转向。

Contemporary academia have reached one thing in common on Chinese rural political studies, that is the ideal type of binary opposition analytical framework on the state and society is not appropriate on Chinese rural study; in China, the state and society is always interdependent, they together create local social orders with strong Chinese features. In interactive social order system, those grass root cadres play very important roles, and construct the special relationship between com- mon peasants and the state, and in the mean time, formed uniqueness of rural social development at different historical time. The article analyzes the interactions between state and society based on ev- ery practice of rural grass root cadres, tries to reflect on four historical stages with distinct features, on the roles they played, their behaviors at each stage, uncovers the historical transition on rural so- ciety and state oower since the establishment of the Peoole＇ s Republic of China.