论刑事补偿责任的归责基础与成立要件

On Liability of Criminal Indemnity Foundation and Established Elements in China

国家补偿与国家赔偿是各自不同的概念,刑事司法补偿是以合法的刑事司法行为侵害公民合法权益为前提,将司法误认为国家权力行使中可以预期的风险,对无辜受害人予以调节性损害补偿的机制。我国《国家赔偿法》虽然没有明文承认刑事补偿,但第十七条第(二)、(三)项却可以理解为刑事补偿的制度依据。我国未来应在特别牺牲理论的指导下,进一步完善刑事补偿责任的适用范围与成立要件。

Criminal indemnity is a concept that is different from criminal compensation. Criminal justice indemnity is based on legitimate criminal judicial actions against the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, regarding the judicial mistake as the expected risk in exercising the state power and the regulatory mechanism of compensation for the damage to the innocent victims. Although the criminal indemnity is not expressly recognized in The State Compensation Law in China, the second and third item of Article 17 can be interpreted as the ground of criminal indemnity system. And future China should further enrich and improve the scope of criminal liability and the established elements under the theoretical guidance of special sacrifice.