“公海捕鱼自由原则”的限制及思考

Restrictions on the Freedom of Fishery on the High Seas

受格劳秀斯"海洋自由论"的影响,公海捕鱼自由也曾得到广泛的支持。但自19世纪起,基于对海洋生物资源保护的日益关注,国际社会逐渐对公海捕鱼自由进行了诸多限制。尤其是随着1982年《联合国海洋法公约》所设立的专属经济区制度等一系列新兴海洋法制度的诞生,公海捕鱼自由受到前所未有的制约。而这一限制却是在对海洋资源的可持续利用的现代海洋渔业制度的背景下进行的,也必将对公海渔业制度产生深远的影响。

The doctrine of the freedom of the seas, or mare liberum articulated by Hugo Grotius was a fundamental presumption underlying the exploitation of fishery resources on the high seas. Howev- er, restrictions on the freedom of fishery on the high seas have been shaped by widespread concern on the protection for the marine living resources. A series of new regimes, especially the concept of the 200-mile exclusive economic zone （EEZ） have been provided by the 1982 United Nations Con- vention on the Law of the Sea, setting restrictions on the freedom of fishery. The adopting of these conservation measures, which are based on the idea of sustainable utilization of marine resources, will make permanent impact on the regime of fishery on the high seas