韭山列岛自然保护区岩相潮间带底栖生物多样性与分布

Diversity and distribution of benthic organisms in rocky intertidal zone of Jiushan Islands Nature Reserve

于2006年4月和7月在大潮水期间对韭山列岛大青山、南韭山和积谷山的三个断面岩相潮间带底栖生物进行定性和定量采样,共鉴定出岩相潮间带生物96种,其中软体类41种,甲壳类24种,藻类16种,环节类8种,腔肠类5种,棘皮类2种。韭山列岛潮间带底栖生物平均生物量为2556.82g/m2,平均栖息密度高达21579ind/m2,平均多样性指数为1.0391,其中日本藤壶为绝对优势种,优势度高达2.5896。与同属于高盐度的浙江省其它开敞性岛屿比较,韭山列岛积谷山岩相潮间带的底栖动物种类数略少于舟山的花鸟岛和温州的北麂岛,而远远多于台州的大陈岛和宁波的北渔山。韭山列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类与生物量随水平、垂直和季节的变化而有所不同。水平分布主要受海浪和海流冲击的影响;垂直分布主要与分带有关,波浪及潮汐等环境因子影响上界,生物种间竞争影响下界;季节变化与温度、底栖生物的繁殖有关。本次调查的资料为有效评价保护区岛屿潮间带生态环境、海洋生物资源保护、可持续利用和进一步的科学研究提供可靠的依据。

A survey on three rocky intertidal transects in Jiushan Islands was carried out from April to July in 2006, the qualitative and quantitative sampling of benthic organisms were made on Da-qingshan Island, Nanjiushan Islands and Ji-gushan Island. The results showed that 96 species were found, including 41 species of Mollusea, 24 species of Crustaeea, 16 species of Algae, 8 species of Annelids, 5 species of Coelenterate, and 2 species of Echinoderms. The average biomass and density were 2 556.82g . m-2 and 21 579 ind . m-2 respectively, the diversity index was 1. 039 1 on average. The species of Tetraclita japonica was dominant, and the dominant index amounted to 2. 589 6. Ji-gushan Island was compared with other seashore open islands with high salinity waters around, the species number of benthic organisms were less than Hua-niao Island and Bei-ji Island, while were much more than Da-chen Island and Bei-yushan Island. The horizontal distribution of quantities was related to ocean waves and ocean currents; the vertical distribution of quantities was related to the waves, tides and biological interspecies competition; but the seasonal changes were in connection with the temperature and the reproduction of animals and plants. Research data provided a reliable basis for ecological environment assessment, biological conservation, sustainable use of resources and scientific research.