当代巴基斯坦伊斯兰教问题研究

The Research on Contemporary Pakistan's Islamic Problems

当代巴基斯坦的伊斯兰教问题是指自1977年齐亚.哈克执政以来的伊斯兰教问题,尤其是指巴的伊斯兰极端主义势力问题。当代巴基斯坦伊斯兰教问题的形成是一个漫长的过程,政治理想迥异的两个派别之间的斗争是其根本原因,特殊的国内原因是其滋生的土壤,国际因素对它的形成则起到了推波助澜的作用。巴基斯坦伊斯兰教问题在当代的发展历经了齐亚.哈克、贝.布托和谢里夫、穆沙拉夫、扎尔达里执政的四个阶段。其主要表现:一是自巴建国以来就一直存在的政教关系;二是伊斯兰教两大派系之间的教派斗争;三是巴伊斯兰教极端组织势力对周边国家的影响。其实质是伊斯兰政治化和政治伊斯兰化,基本特征是宗教与国体的不重合性和国内的教派林立。"9.11"事件以后,随着巴国际反恐地位的提高,这一问题不仅深深影响着巴基斯坦国内政治、经济的发展和社会稳定,同样也深刻地影响着巴国家的安全与国际和平。对当代巴基斯坦伊斯兰教问题的研究,有助于巴政府正确解决国内伊斯兰教问题,为其国内政治、经济发展和社会稳定提供良好的宗教环境,同时,也有助于维护中巴友谊,并对国际反恐和周边国家地区防范伊斯兰极端主义具有重要的现实意义。

The Islamic problems of contemporary Pakistan are referring to the problems since the ruling of Ziaul-Haq in 1977 and,in particular,the problems of Islamic extremist forces of Pakistan.The formation of the contemporary Pakistan＇s Islamic problems is a long process,which was caused by the struggle between the two different schools on political ideal,and the special domestic reasons are the growth soil as well as the international factors which played a promoting role on the formation of the contemporary Pakistan＇s Islamic problems.The development goes through four ruling stages,including Ziaul-Haq,Benazir Bhutto,Sharif,Musharraf and Zardari.The main manifestations show that,the first is that there has always been a politico-religious relationship since the founding of Pakistan;the second is the sectarian struggle between two factions;the third is the impact of extreme organization forces of Pakistan＇s Islam on the surrounding countries.Its essence is Islamic politicized and the political Islam and the basic characteristics are the inconformity of religion and constitution and are riddled with sectarianism.After the event of ＂9.11＂,with the enhanced role of Pakistan in anti-terrorism,the problems not only influence the social stability and the development of Pakistan politics and economy,but also influence the nation＇s safety and the international peace.