游泳运动员技术和体能针对性训练初探

Research of Swimmers' Technology and Physical Targeted Training

教练员们往往习惯于把训练分为水上训练和陆上训练,水上训练主要发展技术和专项训练水平,陆上训练的目的主要在于发展一般身体素质和大肌肉群的专项力量,而体能训练则常常被视为陆上训练的一个方面。近几年人们逐渐关注到体能训练在游泳训练中的地位和作用,通过对一些优秀运动员技术动作的测试分析发现,游进过程中推进力的增加和阻力的减小单靠发展大肌肉群的力量和核心力量是远远不够的,还必须注重发展与技术动作相关的小肌肉的力量,体能训练专项化已经成为现代游泳训练的一大特点。因为,高水平运动员存在着明显的个体差异,每一个人的情况千差万别,如何确定每一个运动员的技术现状,找出最需要发展的短板,将专项体能训练与技术训练结合起来进行针对性的练习是现代游泳训练的发展趋势,也是提高训练效果的重要环节。

The training sometimes are conditioned to aquatic training and land training by coaches,while aquatic training is mainly for improving the technique and professional level,land training is special forces on the physical quality and muscle tissues.Physical stamina training is usually regarded as one side of land training.In recent years,people gradually pay attention to the physical stamina training＇s status and functions in the training of swimming,and we can find it by testing and analyzing some lettermen＇s technical movements.When you are moving forward,relying on the development of large muscle groups and core strength is not enough for the increase of the driving force and the reduction of resistance,we also need pay attention to the small muscle which is relative to technical movements.Physical stamina training has becoming a character in modern swimming training.There are obvious unit differences between excellent athletes.Everyone＇s condition is different in thousands ways.How to confirm every athlete＇s nowadays technical condition and to find out the demerit is an important problem.It is the direction of modern swimming training to combine the special physical stamina training with technical training together,and make pertinence exercises,and it is also an important part for improving the swimming training.