赛场暴力的成因、发生机制及控制策略

Causes,mechanism and control strategy of arena violence

赛场暴力产生严重的不良后果,应找出其成因和发生机制对其进行约束控制。运用文献资料法、访谈法和问卷调查法,论述了赛场暴力由运动项目特点、竞赛规则不完善、运动伦理的不当导向、运动中的挫折以及对比赛结果的不合理期望所致。参与运动遭遇的挫折是其发生机制的源头,机会、刺激物和社会支持是触媒,只有这几者密切结合才会发生赛场暴力。解决策略是控制观众成分和规模、完善竞赛规则、提高比赛官员的业务素养、切断暴力行为的刺激源、引导运动员挫折体验后的心理定向和宣扬新的运动伦理观。

Arena violence has many negative consequences, in order to control it, the cause and mechanism should be found out. By using documentation and interview method, arena violence is discussed in detail, which is brought out by the sports features, imperfect competition rules, improper direction on sport ethics, setbacks in competition, unreasonable expectation on result of competition. Setbacks of mutual competition is the source of creating mechanisms of arena violence. Opportunities, irritants, and social support are its catalyst, and only when these are closely linked violence will occur. The control strategy is what ingredient and scale of audience should be controled, competition rules should be perfected, enhance the professional attainment of match officials, the source of stimulus of player violence should be cut off, guide psychological orientation of experience setbacks of players, and promote the new competition ethics.