北美新一代合作社对我国农业合作社融资的启示

Inspirations from the New Generation of North American Cooperatives for the Financial Problems Facing China Agricultural Cooperatives

近年来中国农业合作社发展迅猛,但资金短缺、融资难导致其生产经营能力和抵御风险能力不强,成为制约其进一步发展和壮大的"瓶颈"问题,不仅阻碍农业产业化进程,而且削弱农民生产经营的积极性,不利于农村经济发展。北美新一代合作社高额入股、股金和交货合同可以转让、限制社员进入和退出等做法,在融资方面独具特色,再加上政府对合作社融资的帮助,有效解决了合作社融资难题。学习借鉴北美新一代合作社经验,结合中国农业合作社的融资现状,可以对初创期的农业合作社采取完善内在制度、建立健全管理制度、从合作金融机构获得贷款以及加大政府扶持力度等措施,对成熟期的农业合作社采取减少政府资金帮助、借助资本市场来改善筹资方式等措施,解决融资难问题。

Agricultural cooperatives have been growing rapidly in China in recent years. However, fund shortage and other financial difficulties are weakening their capacity to manage production and resist risks and thus restraining them from further development. The fund shortage and other financial difficulties bring about not only obstacles to our agricultural industrialization, but weaken famers＂ enthusiasm for production and operation, which is not conducive to rural economic development. The new generation of cooperatives in North America, which is characterized by joining the cooperatives with high share capital, allowing share money and delivery contracts to be transferred, making necessary restrictions for the members＂ entry and secession and trying to get govermnental financial help, have effectively solved their financial difficulties. Based on the North American experience suggestions are made： The start-up agricultural cooperatives should try to perfect their internal systems, establish and improve their management institutions, obtain loans from the cooperative financial institutions and increase the momentum to get governmental supports; the mature agricultural cooperatives steadily reduce the governmental financial support and try to take advantage of capital market.