水分胁迫下肥料配比对葡萄生长发育的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Ratio to Grape Growth and Development under Water Stress

以无核白鸡心葡萄为试材,设置3个水平的水分处理和3个肥料配比,使用CARIS-1便携式光合仪和常规的试验方法研究水分胁迫下肥料配比对无核白鸡心葡萄光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片脯氨酸含量以及丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:生长前期,水分为田间持水量的55%～60%、施肥配比为N∶P∶K=2∶5∶3的水肥处理能促进新梢生长,有效提高光合速率,降低蒸腾速率,从而提高水分利用效率。生长后期维持正常含水量和适当增施钾肥可提高光合速率。随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量呈梯度增加;中度胁迫水平下,磷钾肥的增加可导致脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的增加,从而提高植株对水分胁迫的抵抗能力。

Centennial Seedless grape was used to study the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,proline content of leaves,as well as MDA content by the CARIS-1 portable photosynthetic instrument and normal test at three different water treatment levels and with three kinds of fertilizer ratio.The results showed that：early growth stage,the treatment of 55%-60% of field capacity,fertilizer ratio of N ∶ P ∶ K=2 ∶ 5 ∶ 3 can effectively improve shoot growth and photosynthetic rate,reduce transpiration rate,thus improving water use efficiency.Late growth stage maintaining normal water content and properly increasing potassium fertilizer can increase photosynthetic rate.With the aggravation of stress degree,Proline and MDA content increased by gradient;under moderate stress level,increasing phosphate and potassium fertilizer can lead to the increase of proline and MDA content,in order to improve the ability that plant resist to water stress.