专利联盟与技术标准的一体化分析——基于公共产品提供的视角

Research on Integration of Patent Pools and Technical Standards——From the Perspective of Provision for Public Goods

从公共产品的私人提供角度阐述了高技术产业中出现专利联盟与技术标准的一体化现象。在高技术产业中政府或公共组织没有能力无偿提供技术标准,而只能借助私人来提供。而专利联盟是私人提供作为公共产品的技术标准的一种有效的方式,技术的复杂化、市场的全球化、以及技术标准的竞争性也促使专利联盟的方式被更多地采用。专利联盟与技术标准的一体化,给高技术产业的发展带来深刻的影响,它表现为专利联盟的常态化、产业竞争的阵营化、产业分工的层级化、以及层级和技术路径的锁定。在发展高技术产业时应格外注重技术标准的建立及标准间的竞争,鼓励国内企业和科研机构积极利用专利联盟争取竞争优势,同时应认清产业的发展阶段、竞争格局及自身的状况,避免盲目地追求不可能的层级跨越或技术路径的突破。

Explain the integration of patent pools and technical standards in high-tech industries from the perspective of private provision for public goods. In high-tech industries, the government or public organizations cannot afford to provide free technical standards without private provision. Forming a patent pool is an effective way for private section to provide public goods as technical standards. On the other hand, the technical complexity, the globalization of markets, and the competitive in technical standards also lead to more formation of patent pools. The integration of patent pools and technical standards has a profound impact on the performance of high-tech industries. It has been manifested as the normalization of patent pools, the formation of camp in competition, the industrial division hierarchy, and the locking of the hierarchy and technical path. In the development of high-tech industry, we should particularly focus on the establishment of technical standards and competition among the standards, to encourage domestic enterprises and research institutions utilise the patent pool for competitive advantage, and have a clear understanding of the industrial stage of development, competitive landscape and their own situation, avoid the aimless pursuit for the impossible level crossing or breakthrough in the technological path.