产业差异与中小企业空间集聚

Industry Differences and Spatial Clusters of Small and Medium Enterprise

我国中小企业发展具有突出的空间不均衡性,呈现出集聚特征。不同的产业具有不同的技术经济特征,对企业规模构成产生内在的规定性,从而形成不同产业类型企业规模结构的差异性。不同产业类型的中小企业空间集聚具有显著差异性,而且从动态变化上看,具有集聚度提高、由沿海导向向中部扩散的发展趋势。根据中小企业集聚过程中的空间选择动力机制、产业特征的不同,中小企业空间集聚主要有资源型集聚、市场型集聚、外向型集聚和产业关联型集聚等不同类型,每种类型可持续发展面临的制约因素及其发展战略存在差异。遵循产业发展不同阶段空间区位选择规律,推动具有创新能力和区域特色的中小企业集聚发展,成为协调区域经济发展的重要力量。

The development of small and medium enterprises in China highlights the unbalanced nature of space, showing spatial cluster characteristics. Different industries having different technical and economic characteristics endogenously restrict the firm size and form the differences of firm size structure of different industries. Based on industry differences, the spatial clusters of small and medium enterprises show significant differences. From a dynamic point of view, the spatial clusters of small and medium enterprises demonstrate the trends, increasing of degree of concentration and spreading from the coast-oriented to the central and western region. According to the dynamic mechanism of space choice and the differences of industrial characteristics during the process of SMEs spatial concentration, there are four cluster classification： natural resource-based cluster, marketing-based cluster, export-oriented cluster and industrial value chain-based cluster. Different types of cluster face various constraints of sustainable development and development strategy. Following the spatial location selection rule at the different development stages of industry, and promoting the SMEs cluster that having innovative capacity and regional characteristics, are becoming an important force for the coordinate development of regional economy.