优秀运动员比赛最佳心理状态的培养

Development of Optimal Competitive Psychological State for Elite Athletes

最佳比赛心理状态是指运动员在比赛的外环境和身心综合状态的内环境下，竞技心理能力最大程度的发挥状态。“破釜沉舟”“背水一战”“置之死地而后生”……这些耳熟能详的成语和源于实践的经验都说明：优秀运动员参加重大比赛的最佳竞技心理状态是可以被挖掘的，即潜能是被“逼”出来的。那么，如何有效培养优秀运动员参加重大比赛的最佳心理状态呢？

Optimal competitive psychological state means that an athlete＇s competitive psychological ability has been brought to play, to the greatest extent, under the outer environment of competition and inner environment of an integrated state physically and mentally. It has been proved in practice that optimal competitive psychological state of elite athletes at big games can be excavated, while the training process is a systematic project modified scientifically. Athletes at competition should enhance ego orientation at competition to meet brand new challenges and fight to the end; build up the perception seeking needs of desiring to approach and devoting initiatively; increase the characteristics of self-confidence and self-efficacy and improve on-spot responding ability of quick adaptation and grasping rhythms. Through joint efforts by coaches, managers and scientific training guarantee team, optimal competitive psychological state of elite athletes at big games should be developed with target and systematically, which will help athletes to achieve best results.