超(近)临界水的研究和应用现状

Development and Application of Supercritical and Near-Critical H_2O

综述了超临界水的性质及其应用,重点介绍了超临界水解(包括聚合物降解和生物质水解)、超临界水氧化、烷烃和芳烃的超临界水部分氧化以及超临界水气化制氢(包括葡萄糖、甲醇、生物质、烃类和煤的超临界水气化制氢)的国内外研究和应用现状;并介绍了近临界水作为反应物和溶剂在有机合成和萃取分离中的应用;同时对超(近)临界水应用技术的发展趋势和动向做了展望。

The properties and applications of supercritical water were reviewed. The researches in hydrolysis（including polymer degradation and biomass hydrolysis）, oxidation, partial oxidation and gasification of glucose, methanol, biomass, hydrocarbon and coal for hydrogen production in the presence of supercritical water were focused on. The applications of near-critical water as reactant and solvent in extraction separation and chemical reactions were introduced. The developmental tendencies for the researches of supercritical water and near-critical water were also prospected.