论匈奴僮仆都尉“领西域”“赋税诸国”

Tax States of Western Regions Controlled by Tongpu Duwei in the Xiongnu Period

在汉王朝政治文化影响进入西域之前,匈奴曾经施行对"楼兰、乌孙、呼揭及其旁二十六国"的控制。《汉书》卷九六上《西域传上》记载,"匈奴西边日逐王置僮仆都尉,使领西域","赋税诸国,取富给焉"。所谓"赋税",应体现制度化经济关系"。赋税诸国"的征收内容,除畜产、农产外,亦包括矿产、手工业制品和其他物产。匈奴向"乌桓民"征收"皮布税"的情形,可以在讨论匈奴于西域"赋税诸国"时参考。匈奴以此取得经济利益,有地域的限定。可能主要是"匈奴西边日逐王"以及东蒲类王、南犁汙王、呼衍王、伊蠡王等匈奴诸王所统领部族控制的地区。

Before Han＇s politics and culture spread to Western Regions,Xiongnu used to control 26 small states such as Loulan,Wusun and Hujie. According to Western Regions （First Part） in Hart Shu （Vol.96,First Part）, Tongpu Dongwei, an official title,was established by King Rizhu to control Western Regions. The 26 states raised taxes, including domestic animals, agricultural products, minerals, handicraft, etc. Xiongnu gained economic benefits from tax levying. There were limitations in the scope of region. The regions were thought to be controlled by King Rizhu, King Dongpulei, King Nanliyu, King Huyan, King Yili and others.