浅析缅甸华人的公民资格问题

On the Qualifications for Citizenship of Burma Chinese

随着全球化的迅速发展,特别是移民的增加,民族国家的边界日益受到挑战。东道主国家在考虑外来移民归化入籍的诉求时,并不总是做出接纳或拒绝的二元选择。一些国家赋予外来移民公民资格,但只给予其"半公民资格"或"差别公民资格"。华人、印度人等外来移民虽然被缅甸政府接纳归化入籍,但并不被给予"完全的成员资格"。缅甸公民法规定,华人是缅甸的"二等或三等"公民,其在政治权利、公民社会权利和公民权利等方面均处于不平等的地位。作为外来移民,华人享有的"差异公民资格"不仅是对华人个人或群体的不公平,更阻碍了缅甸民族国家的建构和公民国家认同的形成。

Along with the rapid development of globalization,especially the increase of immigrants,the national borders are facing gradual challenges.When immigrants apply for naturalization,the host countries can offer a choice alternative to ＂yes＂ or ＂no＂.Some countries practice in this direction is to grant the immigrant applicants citizenship but with so-called ＂semi-qualification＂ or ＂differentiated citizenship＂ like Chinese and Indians in Burma who are not granted a ＂complete citizenship＂.They are classified as the second or third rank of Burma citizens stipulated by the Burma Citizenship Law.Chinese is the second or third rank citizens who are deprived of the equal rights such as political rights,citizen ’ s rights and social rights in the country.The hat of the ＂differentiated citizenship＂ that Chinese is wearing not just symbolizes the inequality to individuals and to the group;it also impedes the state-building process and the formation of a national identification in Burma country.