穆斯林社会的非穆斯林少数族群——他们的贡献、地位、权利与义务

Non-Muslim Groups within Muslim Society:Their Contributions,Status,Rights and Obligations

穆斯林社会中的非穆斯林主要包括犹太教徒、基督教徒、祆教徒、印度教徒和佛教徒等。他们尽管属于少数族群,但却是整个穆斯林社会的重要组成部分。历史上,他们为穆斯林社会的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献,近现代以来穆斯林社会的非穆斯林与穆斯林也大多能够和睦相处。非穆斯林享有信仰自由和宗教独立、不受外敌侵略和内部黑暗势力的侵害、自由择业等方面的权利。同时,非穆斯林必须遵守伊斯兰教法,缴纳人丁税、土地税和商税。穆斯林与非穆斯林关系和睦的深层原因在于伊斯兰教的宽容性。

Non-Muslim people within Muslim society composed mainly of Jews,Christians,Parsis,Hindus and Buddhists are critical part of Muslim society in spite of its minority status.Historically,they have made unforgettable contributions to the development of Muslim societies.They have also been getting along well with Muslims since modernization in general.Non-Muslims have enjoyed freedom of believes,freedom of choice of occupations,religious independence,exemption from outsider ’ s invasions as well as rights of exclusion of internal infringements.They are meantime obliged to abide by Islamic Law to pay personnel tax,land tax and commercial taxes.This article provides through further research that the virtue of tolerance of Islam world is the deep reason for the harmonious relationship between Muslim and Non-Muslims in Muslim society.