试论知识产权限制的法理基础

On the Legal Basis of Limitation of Intellectual Property Rights

利益平衡是构建知识产权限制制度的基本法律观。各类主体的相互利益关系,在知识产权法律中的权利配置方面,表现为本权与他权、私权与公益的关系;知识产权虽为一种独占性权利,但往往受到一定的限制,包括公共领域保留、权利行使限制、禁止权利滥用等;知识产权立法应秉持二元价值目标,即保护创造者合法权益和促进知识广泛传播。

Balance of interests is the basic legal concept to construct the limitation system of intellectual prop- erty rights. In respect of right allocation in intellectual property law, mutual interest relationships of varieties of subjects register as the relationships between fundamental rights and other rights, private rights and public interest; Even though intellectual property right is an exclusive right, it should be limited to some extent. Those limitations include the reservation of public domain, the limitation of exercising the rights, the prohibition of abusing the rights and so on; The legislation of intellectual property law should adhere to the dualistic value goal, to be specific, which is protecting the legal rights of creators while promoting the wide spread of information.