施肥对青引1号燕麦产量及构成性状的影响

Effects of fertilizing rate on yield and its components of Qingyin No.1 oat

为探究施肥对燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量的影响,找出限制燕麦鲜草、秸秆和种子产量提高的养分因子,筛选出实现经济效益最大的施肥配方,本研究以青引1号燕麦(Avana sativa cv.Qingyin No.1)为对象,于2010年在青海省湟中县分析不同的氮、磷和钾配方施肥对燕麦产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,氮素为限制燕麦鲜草产量提高的主要养分因子,施氮能显著提高燕麦株高和鲜草产量,N337.5P105K60处理鲜草产量最大,为66 194kg.hm-2,比对照增产44.9%。磷素为限制燕麦种子产量提高的主要养分因子,施磷能增加燕麦有效分蘖数、小穗数,N225P157.5K60处理下燕麦籽粒产量最大,为6 678kg.hm-2。经过经济效益分析,N225P105K60施肥处理获得的综合收益最大,饲草田达到18 435.3元.hm-2,种子田达到22 877.5元.hm-2,分别比对照增收4 500.9和4 597.5元·hm-2。

In order to find out the limited nutrient factors for oat grass yield,straw yield,seed yield and find the fertilization formulas to achieve the maximum economic efficiency,Qingyin No.1 was used to study the effect of different fertilization formulas of N,P and K on oats yield and yield components in Qinghai Huangzhong in 2010.The results showed that N was the main nutrient limiting factor for increasing fresh forage yield of oat and inputting N can improve plant height and the oat fresh forage yield significantly.N337.5P105K60 treatment had the highest yield,with 66 194 kg·ha^-1,increased by 44.9% compared with control.P was the main nutrient limiting factor for increasing seeds yield and inputting P can improve effective tiller number and spike lets.N225P157.5K60 treatment had the highest grain yield,with 6 678 kg·ha^-1.Through analyzing economic benefits,it was found that N225P105K60 treatment had the largest comprehensive income.Forage grass field was 18 435.3 CNY·ha^-1 and seed producing field was 22 877.5 CNY·ha^-1.Compared with the control group,the income increased by 4 500.9 and 45 97.5 CNY·ha^-1,respectively.