“价值”的层次与“相对普世价值”的生成

The Level of Value and the Generation of “Relative Universal Value"

正像个体的"言语"不同于社会的"语言",商品对个体的"使用价值"不同于作为社会关系的"价值"一样,价值哲学中的"价值"是社会关系价值,它不同于物对人的"价值事实"。人的普遍需要是个体层次的物对人的关系的"普遍事实",而不是社会关系层次的"普世价值"。以普遍人性与普遍理性为基础的"绝对普世价值"是不存在的,而作为评判社会关系行为的共同准则的"相对普世价值"是否存在不是一个理论问题,而是一个实践问题,应当在人类历史实践发展中考察其存在的可能性与现实性。只有在和平与发展作为全球化主题的当代,才产生了对"相对普世价值"的社会需要和生成条件。以自由、法治、民主三层构成的近代西方社会价值标准,适合于个人本位的、具有法治与基督教传统的早期资本主义移民社会,已经不适应于金融资本与垄断资本网络支配的当代社会,更非全球"普世价值"。各国传统价值将在当代实践中发生巨大变革,进而融入正在生成的当代"相对普世价值"之中。

Just as personal ＂parole＂ being different from ＂language＂ of society, the worth of goods being different from ＂value＂ of social relations via goods, the ＂value＂ in value philosophy is a concept of social relationship, and it is quite different from the ＂value fact＂ of things to each person. Human general needs are ＂general facts＂ at the individual level, rather than the ＂universal values＂ at the level of social relationship. The ＂absolute universal values＂ based on common human nature and universal reason never exist, and the question about the existence of ＂relatively universal values＂ as the common criteria to judge the behavior of social relationship is not a theoretical but a practical issue, of which the possibility of realization should be examined in the practical development of human history. Only in the time of globalization which takes peace and development as the main theme, the relative universal value gets the probability and conditions of its birth and growth. Western social values which were suitable for early capitalist society are no longer suitable contemporary Western societies which are dominated by monopoly financial capitals, and therefore are not the ＂universal values＂ of the world. Every national traditional value will change greatly in the globalization practice to build and integrate into the contemporary relative universal value.