中国城乡经济关系的演变逻辑:从双重管制到双重放权

The Evolution Logic of Economic Relation between Urban and Rural:From Dual Regulation to Dual Decentralization

城乡经济关系是影响中国经济发展最为重要的因素之一,理解城乡经济关系的演变逻辑对加快经济发展方式转变具有关键性意义。在理论上,存在着政府—居民、中央—地方双重互动→资源配置方式和收益分配方式→城乡经济关系演变的顺次决定机制。在该机制中,政府—居民、中央—地方的双重互动是影响城乡关系的本源性因素。新中国成立以来,不同时期政府—居民、中央—地方的互动方式各不相同,相应的城乡关系也就具有差异性特征。20世纪80年代中期以来,中央—地方的不完全分权与政府—居民的不完全分权相互叠加,导致城乡差距持续拉大。新时期中国经济发展战略和约束条件均发生了显著变化,而政府—居民、中央—地方的双重互动也面临着从不完全分权走向完全分权的使命。唯其如此,才能形成市场主导的资源配置方式和城乡均衡的利益分配方式,并在此基础上实现城乡经济差距收敛和城乡经济统筹发展。

The economic relation between urban and rural is one of the most important factors in China＇ s economic development. In theory, the interaction of government-resident and centre-locality decides the mode of resource allocation and income distribution, then the mode of resource allocation and income distribution decides urban and rural economic relation. Since the founding of new China, the interaction of government-resident and centre-locality is different in different periods, the urban-rural relation also has difference in characteristics. Since the mid-1980s, the interaction of centre-locality has incomplete decentralization, the interaction of government- resident also has incomplete decentralization, therefore, the economic inequality between urban and rural continued to widen. Now China＇ s economic strategy and constraint conditions are changed obviously, the interaction of government-resident and centre-locality must be changed from incomplete decentralization to complete decentralization, thus China will form market-dominanted resource allocation and urban-rural balanced distribution pattern.