科技创新中的企业家及其创新行为——兼论企业为主体的技术创新体系

Entrepreneurs and Their Innovation Behavior in Science and Technology Innovation Process——Enterprises as the Main Body of Technical Innovation System

在技术创新上升为科技创新后,企业不只是成为采用新技术的主体,还会主动参与到产学研合作创新的体系中,成为孵化高新技术的一个主体。其前提是企业经营者不仅成为企业家,更是成为科技企业家。科技企业家既具有企业家素质,又具备科技素养。在产学研合作创新背景下,企业进入科学新发现孵化为新技术阶段,体现科学家和企业家的合作,在这个过程中,起主导作用的仍然是企业家。在科技创新的背景下,技术创新不仅以市场为导向,还需要以新的科学发现为导向。科技企业家对这两个方面都要进行导向。科技企业家的成长需要适合的体制机制,按照科技企业家成长的生态培育科技企业家队伍是国家创新体系建设的关键。

After the transformation from technical innovation to science and technology innovation, enterprises have become not only the main body of adopting new technologies, but also participated positively to the innovation system which combines production, teaching and research, thus becoming main sources of new high technologies. The premise is that managers act as entrepreneurs and technological entrepreneurs as well. Technological entrepreneurs are supposed to possess enterpriser＇s qualities and technological qualities. Under the background of co-operation and innovation by production, teaching and research, entrepreneurs play the leading role in the process that companies transfer the new scientific discoveries to new technologies. This process reflects the co-operation between scientists and entrepreneurs. Technological entrepreneurs need to guide these two sides simultaneously. Also, compatible system and mechanism are required for the development of technological entrepreneurs. Cultivating technological entrepreneur team according to the growth nature of technological entrepreneurs is the key factor to the construction of our country＇s innovation system.