基于对等原则的上游补贴规则运用探析--以对欧美反补贴救济为样本

Analysis of the Application of Upstream Subsidy Rules Based on the Principle of Reciprocity with the Sample of Countervailing Remedies on America and EU

在法律法规未明文规定上游补贴规则的情况下,我国商务部直接运用他国相关规则进行反补贴救济,其法理依据只能是国际法上的对等原则。但在欧美对华反补贴并未适用上游补贴规则的前提下,我国在对欧美反补贴救济中运用该规则并不符合对等原则的一般适用条件。而在对WTO成员适用对等原则时,还有可能不符合对等原则的特殊适用条件。尽管作为一种策略选择,我国在寻求缓解国际贸易摩擦的过程中仍可灵活运用该原则,但前提是必须注意把握对等原则的适用边界和WTO的基本精神,追求在WTO争端解决机制下的国家利益最大化。

The legal basis that Ministry of Commerce of China directly applies foreign related rules in trade remedies is the principle of reciprocity when there is no specified provision of upstream subsidy rules. But when America and EU have not applied upstream subsidy rules to China, China＇s application of upstream subsidy rules to them in countervailing duty cases may be inconsistent with the normal terms of the princip）e of reciprocity. Even when the principle of reciprocity is applied to the member of WTO, it may still be inconsistent with the special terms of the principle of reciprocity. Although as a strategic choice, we can flexibly apply the principle of reciprocity for alleviating trade ffication, yet the precondition is that we must clearly understand the application border of the principle of reciprocity and the basic spirit of WTO in order to achieve the maximum benefit under the mechanism for the dispute settlement of WTO.