艾森豪威尔处理苏伊士运河战争危机的经验及其对奥巴马政府的启示

Lessons of Eisenhower’s Response to The Suez War and Its Inspirations to Obama Administration

1956年10月,以色列在美国总统大选前8天,不顾艾森豪威尔政府预先劝诫,在英、法两国幕后策划下,对埃及发动先发制人的打击。艾森豪威尔总统为此采取一系列行动,如诉诸联合国、启动对以经济制裁、甚至威胁驱逐其出联合国,最终实现被他称之为"侵略者"的三方无条件停火撤退。艾森豪威尔成功的范例给2012年面临同样难题的奥巴马提供了一些历史经验:美国的外交不能被一个小盟国所捆绑,即便他们曾是美国的"铁杆"朋友。美国只有坚持公正、理性与原则,且在冲突中支持受害者,才能最大程度上维护美国的利益与形象,并最终使美国成为中东最具有决定性的外部力量。

Regardless of the exhortation of the Eisenhower Administration in advance, Israel formulated a secret plan with Britain and France, and took a pre- emptive military strike on Egypt in October 1956, just eight days before U. S. presidential election. In order to stop Israel, Britain and France, President Ei- senhower made a range of efforts, which included presenting a cease - fire resolution to the UN against Israel, proposing the U. S. Congress to agree with launching eco- nomic sanctions, and even threatening to have Israel expelled from the United Na- tions. All these strong pressures finally forced the three parties, which he called ag- gressors, to cease fire and retreat unconditionally. The experience of Eisenhower＇ s wise response to the Suez Crisis might provide historical lessons for President Obama： U. S. foreign policy could not be bound by a small country＇ s plan, even though this country is a friend of the United States. America should pursue the just, rational stance of obeying the rules and supporting the victims in a conflict. Through these ways, the state interests and international prestige of the United States could be maintained to a great extent. Since then, America gradually became the most in- fluential force in the Middle East.