老年消费者保险需求的影响因素分析——基于社会保障和健康状况的考察

Analysis of Influencing Factors to Purchase Commercial Insurance by the Elderly——Based on the Social Security and Health Conditions

人口老龄化增加了公共财政的养老负担,现行计划生育政策导致的"少子化"削弱了中国传统的家庭养老保障功能,迫使老年消费者需要购买商业保险来增强养老保障能力。目前中国购买商业保险的老年消费者呈现向城市集中、向男性老人群体集中、向低龄老人群体集中的特点。运用Logit模型进行回归分析发现,社会保障水平对老年消费者的商业保险购买行为有正向促进作用;同时,与传统逆向选择表现形式不同,身体健康的老人更倾向于购买商业保险。建议通过政策扶持的方式积极发展针对老年消费者的商业保险、加强社会保险与商业保险的互补融合、完善"三支柱"的养老保障体系。

Aging crisis has increased the burden on public pension payments, low birth rate＇has made the age security functions from family reduce, and so the elderly need to purchase commercial insurance to enhance the ability of self-age security. Through a sur- vey about over a thousand elder＇ s insurance behavior,we found that the distribution of the elderly, owning commercial insurance, presented some characteristics as follow ： centralizing to cities, to older men, to younger elderly group. Then we used Logit model to make regres- sion analysis, and found that the current level of social security and the purchase of commer- cial insurance had a positive and promoted relationship. To the contrary, the healthier elder- ly have more insurance needs. In the end, we proposed that the government should issue pol- icies to develop commercial insurance for the elderly, and strengthen the partnership be- tween the social insurance and commercial insurance, and improve the Three-pillar of the pension system.