老年人孤独、自杀态度以及依恋风格的关系研究

Loneliness,Attitude Toward Suicide and Attachment Styles in Elder People

目的探讨老人孤独感、自杀态度和依恋风格的关系。方法采用关系问卷、自杀态度问卷和情感与社会孤独量表对92名天津市老年人进行调查。结果①在92名被调查者中,对老年人情感孤独有显著影响的因素有性别(t=0.354,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=-0.181,P<0.05),居住方式(t=1.707,P<0.01)和慢性疾病(t=1.926,P<0.05);②对社会孤独有显著影响的因素有性别(t=1.354,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=-0.975,P<0.05)、居住方式(t=3.470,P<0.05)和睡眠质量(t=-2.251,P<0.05);③对总体孤独感有显著影响因素的有性别(t=-0.697,P<0.05)、婚姻状况(t=1.032,P<0.05)、居住方式(t=3.052,P<0.05)、睡眠质量(t=-2.166,P<0.05);④影响老年人对安乐死态度的显著因素有年龄(F=0.041,P<0.05)和居住方式(F=0.047,P<0.05);⑤不同睡眠质量对老年人自杀行为的认识显著不同(F=0.040,P<0.05);⑥吸烟饮酒习惯对老年人及自杀者的态度显著不同(F=0.047,P<0.05);⑦"对自杀行为的认识"与冷漠型依恋风格(r=-0.381,P<0.05)、社会孤独感(r=-0.306,P<0.05)呈显著负相关;⑧"对自杀者态度的认识"与恐惧型依恋风格呈显著正相关(r=0.322,P<0.05),与冷漠型依恋风格呈显著负相关(r=-0.430,P<0.01);⑨社会孤独与安全型依恋风格呈显著负相关(r=-0.316,P<0.05),与冷漠型依恋风格呈显著正相关(r=0.361,P<0.05);情感孤独与安全型依恋风格呈显著负相关(r=-0.407,P<0.05),与冷漠型依恋风格呈显著正相关(r=0.310,P<0.05)。结论性别、婚姻状况、居住方式等因素影响老年人孤独感高低和自杀态度的不同;冷漠型和恐惧型依恋风格影响老年人的自杀态度;冷漠型和安全型依恋风格的老年人孤独感体验不同。

Objectives Our aim is to study of relationship among loneliness,attitude toward suicide and attachment in elder people.Methods A total of 92 elder individuals who live in Tianjin were tested with Relationship Questionnaire,Suicide Attitude Questionnaire and Emotional and Social Loneliness Scales.Results ①The results indicate that among he 92 elder people,there were significant difference of emotional loneliness among sex（t=0.354,P0.05）,marriage（t=-0.181,P0.05）,living condition（t=1.707,P0.01） and chronic disease（t=1.926,P0.05）.②There were significant difference of social loneliness among sex（t=1.354,P0.05）,marriage（t=-0.975,P0.05）,living condition（t=3.470,P0.05）and the quality of sleeping（t=-2.251,P0.05）.③There were significant difference of total loneliness among sex（t=-0.697,P0.05）,marriage（t=1.032,P0.05）,living condition（t=3.052,P0.05）and the quality of sleeping（t=-2.166,P0.05）.④There were strong difference of the attitude toward euthanasia between people of different age（F=0.041,P0.05） and living conditions（F=0.047,P0.05）.⑤There were significant difference of cognizance of suicide behavior between subjects of different sleeping qualities（F=0.040,P0.05）.⑥There were strong difference of attitude toward suicide people between subjects of different drinking and smoking habits（F=0.047,P0.05）.⑦The cognizance of suicide behavior has a significantly negative correlation with cold attachment（r=-0.381,P0.05）and social loneliness（r=-0.306,P0.05）.⑧The attitude toward suicide people has a strong positive correlation with fearful attachment（r=0.322,P0.05）,and has a strong negative correlation with cold attachment（r=-0.430,P0.01）.⑨Social loneliness have strong negative correlation with secure attachment（r=-0.316,P0.05）,and have strong positive correlation with cold attached individuals（r=0.361,P0.05）;Emotional loneliness have strong negative correlation with secure attachment（r=-0.407,P0.05）,and have strong positive correlation with cold attached individuals（r=0.310,P0.05）.Conclusion There is difference of suicide attitude and loneliness among different elders with different sex,marriage,living condition and so on.Fearful attachment and cold attachment have an effect on suicide attitude in old people.There is difference of loneliness between different elder people with secure attachment and cold attachment.