某小学四年级开设心理健康团体辅导的实验研究

Experimental Study on Group Guidance of Mental Health among Pupils in Grade 4 in Primary School in Tangshan

目的了解唐山市某小学四年级学生的心理健康状况,探讨团体辅导对提高该小学四年级学生心理健康水平的干预效果。方法使用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)对唐山市某小学四年级2个班的学生进行问卷调查,分别从2个班选出量表总分前15名的学生作为实验组,另外的47名学生作为参照组,对实验组给予为期8周的团体心理辅导,并在辅导后再次使用心理健康测验对实验组和对照组进行问卷调查。结果①MHT量表总均分为(36.32±11.97),有2名学生的MHT全量表得分在60分(标准不健康值)以上,检出率为2.6%,有12名学生的全量表得分在50～59之间(心理状态欠佳);除学习焦虑量表得分外,其余内容量表得分的平均分均在正常范围之内,学习焦虑的检出率和平均分最高;②实验组干预前后的心理健康总体水平有显著性差异(t=3.185,P<0.001);③对照组前测和后测的心理健康总体水平差异不显著(t=-1.397,P>0.05);④实验组与对照组的心理健康水平在干预前后有显著性差异(t=3.774,P<0.001)。结论唐山市某小学四年级学生心理健康问题主要表现在学习焦虑上,团体心理辅导能提高小学生的心理健康水平。

Objective To investigate the mental health conditions of pupils in grade 4 of a school in Tangshan city,and explore the effect of group guidance on improving the mental health level of the pupils in grade 4 of this school.Methods Pupils of two classes in grade 4 in a school in Tangshan city were asked to fill out a questionnaire survey by Mental Health Test（MHT）.The students whose total scores of MHT were the top 15 were classified as experimental group and the other 47 students as reference group.The experimental group was given an eight-week group psychological guidance.Results ①The total average score of MHT was（36.32±11.97）,two pupils＇ scores were higher than 60（standard unhealthy value）,the detective ratio was 2.6%,and the scores of 12 students were between 50 and 59（low psychological state）.Learning Anxiety had the highest ratio and average score.The average of the other sub-scales was in normal range.②There was significant difference on the experimental group between before and after the intervention（t=3.185,P0.001）.③The difference between before and after the test of reference group was not significant（t=-1.397,P0.05）.④There were significant differences between the experimental group and the reference group before and after the intervention（t=3.774,P0.001）.Conclusion The outstanding problem in pupils＇ mental health is learning anxiety.Group psychological guidance can improve the mental health of the pupils.