促甲状腺激素受体与甲状腺癌关系的研究进展

Progress in the relationship of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and thyroid carcinoma

甲状腺癌的预后一般较好，但在核素治疗过程中会有30％的患者发生失分化，失分化甲状腺癌由于不能有效摄取”’I而缺少有效的治疗手段，其10年生存率可降至30％～40％。近年来的研究表明：促甲状腺激素受体（TSHR）基因与甲状腺癌的恶性表型有关，分化型甲状腺癌中TSHR基因表达降低，失分化甲状腺癌中TSHR基因表达沉默；体外实验将TSHR基因转染入甲状腺癌细胞株中，在促甲状腺激素刺激下可促进摄碘基因的表达并提高甲状腺癌细胞的摄碘率。由此可知，TSHR基因对于甲状腺癌的发生发展及核素治疗有重要意义。该文回顾了TSHR的基因、蛋白结构以及其在正常甲状腺组织中的作用，对TSHR在甲状腺癌发生发展中的作用及参与的信号传导等方面进行了叙述，对TSHR基因沉默在失分化甲状腺癌中的作用进行了分析。

Prognosis of thyroid cancer is generally more optimistic, however many tumors （30%） will de-differentiate and become refractory to radioactive iodine, the rate of 10 year survival will be reduced to 30%-40%. Recent data have shown that silencing of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor （TSHR） appears to be related to the most aggressive behavior of thyroid cancer, TSHR expression is reduced in differentiated thyroid cancer while is lack in de-differentiated thyroid cancer; in vitro experiments, human TSHR gene transfection in thyroid carcinoma cell line can promote the rate of iodine uptake and the expression of the gene of iodine uptake. From this it is clear that TSHR plays an important role in the onset and the develop- ment of thyroid cancer. This article briefly reviewed the TSHR gene and protein, the role of TSHR in thyro- cyte and the onset of the thyroid cancer, the signaling pathways that TSHR participate in, and analyzed the role of TSHR in de-differentiated thyroid cancer.