苦参根中异常结构的发育及药用部位调查

Developmental anatomy of anomalous structure and investigation of medicinal parts Sophora flavescens

目的:阐明苦参中"环状年轮"的结构特征及异常构造的产生,进一步讨论苦参的药用部位问题。方法:对苦参的根系及药材进行实地调查,并对其根系进行形态观察和发育解剖学研究。结果:北方部分地区生长的苦参存在横走根状茎(文中统称为"根状茎"),其与根在外观和显微特征方面都存在差异;根中的异常结构是由于次生木质部中产生了大量薄壁细胞,其中一些薄壁细胞恢复分生能力转化为异常形成层所产生;苦参横切面中的"环状年轮"与生长轮无关,从外向内依次是由韧皮纤维束呈断续的环、形成层环,以及次生木质部中的薄壁细胞环带组成。结论:苦参的入药部位为根;建议苦参饮片中"环状年轮"的描述改为"环状结构"。

Objective： To elucidate the composition structure of ＂annual tings＂ and the formation process of anomalous struc- tures in Sophoraflavescens, and turther discuss the medicinal parts of S. flavescens. Method： Based on investigation on S. flavescens in its producing areas, the morphology of root systems was observed, and the developmental anatomy of roots was researched. Result： Creeping underground rhizomes of S. flavescen existed in some parts of the north place, there were many differences in appearance characters and microscopic features between these roots and rbizomes. Parenchyma cells in secondary xylem regained meristematic abil- ity, became into anomalous cambia, and then developed into anomalous structures. ＂Annual rings＂ in transverse section of S. flaves- cens were not actually growth rings, they were made up of anomalous parenchyma girdle in secondary xylem and normal secondary struc- ture. Conclusion： Roots are the medicinal parts of S. flaveseeras. This paper suggests that ＂ annual rings＂ in the decoction pieces of S. flavescens should be called ＂ annular structure＂.