河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态及景观响应——以大洋河口为例

Temporal and spatial dynamic changes and landscape pattern response of Hemeroby in Dayang estuary of Liaoning Province,China

以大洋河河口湿地作为研究对象,利用1958年、1970年、1984年航摄影像(空间分辨率:2.0 m)和2008年SPOT5影像(空间分辨率:5.0 m)作为数据源,借助人为干扰度指数(HI)、景观格局分析、GIS空间分析方法,探讨大洋河河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态分异及景观格局指数的响应机制。结论:1)全干扰类型面积从1958年的4.16 km2上升至9.16 km2;半干扰类型从115.82 km2上升至180.57 km2;而无干扰类型面积从1958年的291.23 km2下降至221.13 km2,人为干扰度在不同历史时期呈非均质化变化,人类活动干扰中心逐渐由陆向海过度;围海养殖是人类干扰度变化的主控景观因子;2)在时间上,人类干扰过程(全干扰、半干扰)会导致斑块数量(NP)、边缘密度指数(ED)、平均形状指数(MSI)和面积加权的平均斑块分形指数(AWMPFD)总体在1958年—2008年间呈下降趋势;3)空间上,人为干扰度指数与景观格局指数空间分布相关性大小依次为:斑块数量(NP)>边缘密度指数(ED)>面积加权的平均斑块分形指数(AWMPFD),呈正相关,平均形状指数(MSI)与人为干扰度相关性不显著。

The aims of this research were to：（1） provide a theoretical basis for in-depth analysis of the influence of human activities on estuarine wetlands over a regional scale;（2） quantify the impact of anthropogenic interference on the landscape pattern index;and（3） establish a theoretical basis for the monitoring and evaluation of anthropogenic interference in estuarine wetlands.Based on aerial photographs from 1958,1970,and 1984（2 m resolution）,and the spot5 image of 2008（5 m resolution）,this study explored the spatiotemporal dynamics of hemeroby and the landscape pattern response scheme through hemeroby analysis,landscape pattern analysis,spatial patch analysis,and GIS spatial analysis in the Dayang estuary.The research evaluates： 1） the primary forcing landscape factors for spatial and temporal variation of hemeroby in an estuarine wetland;2） the response mechanism of landscape pattern index on the type of hemeroby;and 3） landscape indices associated with hemeroby in space.Results indicate that： 1） completely hemeroby regions increased from 4.16 km2 in 1958 to 9.16 km2 in 2008,while partially hemeroby regions increased from 115.82 km2 to 180.57 km2,and hemeroby regions declined from 291.23 km2 to 221.13 km2.Historically,hemeroby showed heterogeneous changes.The center of hemeroby moved gradually from land to ocean,and ocean aquaculture is the main driving factor in the change of hemeroby.Over time,hemeroby shows an upward trend,but the intensity of hemeroby changes are different at different historical periods,and hemeroby shows non-homogeneous characteristics at different historical periods.Comparing the change in different landscape types,we found paddy yield was the primary landscape type in 1958,aquaculture water in ocean and farmland showed upward increases in 1970,and after the 1980s aquaculture water in the ocean was the primary landscape type of human activities.Temporally,anthropogenic disturbance has led to an overall decrease in the number of patches（NP）,edge density（ED）,mean shape index（MSI）,and area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension（AWMPFD） between 1958 and 2008.Through analysis of the landscape pattern index of different hemeroby types,we found that human disturbance has a certain effect on the landscape pattern index.Spatially,hemeroby is positively correlated with number of patches（NP）,edge density（ED）,and area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension（AWMPFD） in order of decreasing influence,while it is not significantly correlated with the mean shape index（MSI）.The relationship between human disturbance activities and landscape pattern（four indices： number of patches（NP）,edge density（ED）,area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension（AWMPFD）,mean shape index（MSI）） constituted differences in time and space within estuarine areas.Thus,heterogeneity and complexity of the landscape were greater in human disturbance areas over some time intervals,and heterogeneity and complexity of landscape showed declines in the continuing role of human disturbance with time.Therefore,the dimension of time and space should be distinguished in remote sensing monitoring responses of landscape patterns on human activities in estuarine wetlands.