太行山区牛叫河小流域土地可持续利用模式探讨

Study on development and utilization of a microscale basin:A case study in the Niujiaohe River of Taihang Mountains

太行山区小流域综合开发治理是促进山区生态建设和保障山前平原城市密集带发展的重大课题。科学划分小流域土地利用功能区,进而形成合理的土地利用模式是推进太行山区小流域开发治理的关键举措。本文以位于太行山东坡的牛叫河小流域为例,界定了生态功能区划的基本程序,建立了包括恒定和波动两类指标的区划指标体系,提出了以模糊聚类为主体的区划方法。将牛叫河小流域划分为分水岭区、沟坡区和沟道区三种土地利用功能类型,相应的土地利用模式为:分水岭区地形平缓,通过改良土壤,可开展农作物种植,统筹安排农林牧业生产;沟坡区地形坡度较大、土地贫瘠,水土流失严重,宜以林为主,并需采取综合保持性措施;沟道区土地平坦,应突破单纯的种植业模式,以获得更高的经济和社会效益。

Development and utilization of micro-scale basins was regarded as an important issue for agricultural development and environmental restoration at a regional scale. In order to understand the comprehensive development of micro-scale basins in the Taihang Mountains, this paper takes Niujiaohe River as the study area. We have developed a procedure and established an index system of eco-functional regionalization including stability indices and fluctuation indices. Then we presented a method of eco-functional regionaliza- tion based on fuzzy clustering, which has significant advantages over other methods in practice. Based on the slope runoff and the degrees of the soil erosion, the whole basin in the study area can be divided into three zones. 1） inundation zone （Zone I） which is a catchment 2） steep slope zone with serious water loss and soil erosion （Zone II）, which is characterized by gully erosion 3） gully bottom zone （Zone Ⅲ）, which mainly acts as a mobilization-sedimentation area. Zone I is located in the gentle water division ridge, where a base for grain can be built and activities related to farming, forestry and animal husbandry may be arranged. Zone II, featured by the steepest sloping lands, bare bed of rocks and barren soil, should take forestry as the major sector. Zone III, the flat area, can be used for more economic and social benefits as well as a farming base.