气象条件与夏大豆生育进程和产量的相关分析

Relevant Analysis of between Weather Conditions and Summer Soybean(Glycine max)′s Development Process and Production

[目的]研究淮北地区气象条件对夏大豆(Glycine max)生长发育的影响,寻求影响其生长发育的关键因子。[方法]2011年设置46个品种(系)的展示试验,2004和2011年进行播期试验,同步观察夏大豆生长发育进程和气象因子。[结果]适期夏播中熟大豆播种～出苗5～6 d,需积温135～160℃;8～9片复叶展开时始花;出苗～始花27～35 d,需积温750～950℃;始花～成熟58～69 d,需积温1 350～1 600℃。生育期与主茎节数、有效分枝、单株结实荚数、荚粒数呈直线相关。播期推迟,生育期缩短,出苗～成熟所需积温减少,主茎节数减少,结实荚数下降,产量降低。夏大豆生长期内积温高、白昼时间长、≥0.1 mm雨日多,则产量高,生育期长;出苗～始花日照时数长,则始花推迟,主茎节数、单株粒数、产量增加;始花～成熟降水量多,则单株结实荚数、单株粒数和产量增加。[结论]淮北夏大豆应在6月中旬播种。

[ Objective ] The purpose was to study the effects of summer weather conditions in Huaibei Area on soybean＇s growth and develop- ment, and find out the key factores influencing its growth and development. [ Method ] Exhibition test of 46 varieties （strains） was setted in 2011, and their sowing time test was carried out in 2004 and 2011, and summer soybean＇s growth and development process and meteorological factors were observed synchronously. [ Result ] The time from sowing to coming out seedlings of middle maturity summer soybean sowing at suit- able time was 5 - 6 days, and needed accumulative temperature 135 - 160 ℃; It began to flower when 8 - 9 pieces of compound leaves opened up ; The time from coming out seedlings to the first flower opening was 27 - 35 days, and needed accumulative temperature 750 - 950 ℃ ; The time from the first flower opening to maturity was 58 - 69 d, and needed accumulative temperature 1 350 - 1 600 ℃. Growth period had a linear correlation with section number of main stem, effective branch, filled pods number per plant and grain number per pod. Sowing time delayed could lead to summer soybean＇s growth period shortening, and its needed accumulative temperature from coming out seedlings to maturity, section number of main stem and filled pots number all decreased, and finally made its yield decreasing; High accumulative temperature during summer soybean＇s growth period, long daytime, many ≥0. 1 mm rain day could prolong its growth period and improve its yield; Long sunshine time from coming out seedlings to first - flowering could put off the date of the first flower opening, but increase section number of main stem, grain num- ber per plant and yield; Many precipitation during the first flower opening to maturity could increase filled pots per plant, grain number per plant and yield. [ Conclusionl Summer soybean should be sowed in the second ten days of June in Huaibei Area.