新疆木垒县文冠果物候特征研究

Preliminary Study on the Phenology Characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in the Mulei County of Xinjiang

[目的]主要对新疆木垒县文冠果果园的25～35 a生文冠果果树生物学特性、文冠果的物候期、开花结果习性、果实类型、树体结构等进行观察研究。[方法]采用测量法测定文冠果生育状况,即每棵树的树体结构、果实种类、种子数量。用称重法测定种子重量和单株产量。[结果]因倒春寒、春季持续低温等气候因素的影响,文冠果树芽萌动期、芽膨大期等物候期出现明显的差异,但是果实成熟期和落叶期基本一致;该园文冠果果实类型有3种:结3裂果的树占总株数88%～90%;结3裂果、4裂果的树占7%～8%;结3裂、4裂、5裂果的树占3%～4%;采取修剪技术可使文冠果产量明显提高。[结论]木垒县文冠果种植园管理粗放,产量较低,果实质量也不高,因此应制定科学合理的栽培技术和管理措施。

[ Objective ] Study the biological characteristics, phenolagieal phase, flowering habit, fruit types, tree body structure, etc. of Xantho- ceras sorbifolia Bunge of 25 -35 years in the Mulei County of Xinjiang Botany Garde. [ Method ] The determination of reproductive status by the measurement method, that is each tree structure, fruit type, number of seeds, seed weight and yield by weighing method. [ Result ] Because of the influence factors of late spring and last low temperature in spring, phenophase has significant difference such as the swelling period and germina- tion period, but the fruit maturation was the same period as the deciduous period. The site fruit types of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge have three kinds： the tree 3 （odium） is 88% to 90% of total trees; 3 （odium）, 4 （odium） is 7% to 8% of the trees; the tree 3,4, 5 （odium） is of 3% to 4% of the total trees;take pruning technology can make the champions league fruit production increased significantly. [ Conclusion] Because of extensive management, low yield, poor quality of fruit, people should formulate the science reasonable cultivation technology and management measures.