黄土丘陵区旱作梯田土壤环境调控的技术研究

Study on Regulation Technology Based on Arid Terrace Soil in Loess Hilly Area

[目的]为了改善农田土壤环境,提高作物生产力。[方法]选择黄土丘陵区旱作梯田进行定位试验,采用微集流聚肥改土耕作法,同时测定土壤理化性状指标。[结果]与对照相比,耕作层土壤厚度增加25 cm,土壤容重减少0.1 g/cm3,总孔隙度增加7.14%,田间持水量提高10.58%;土壤有机质、全氮含量分别提高71.06%、88.00%;速效氮、速效磷含量分别增加13.10、2.24 mg/kg;0～40 cm土壤温度提高2～4℃;7～9月0～200 cm土壤含水量与对照存在0.05水平显著差异。[结论]微集流聚肥改土耕作法能有效调控土壤理化性状,实现土壤环境的良性循环,是黄土丘陵区重要的农业耕作技术。

[Objective] The research aimed to improve the soil environment and the crop productivity. [Method] Based on a location test in dry farming terrace in loess hilly region, main soil properties were analyzed and determined by using the farming technique of micro-water har- vesting and fertilizer gathering. [ Result] The practice could enhance the soil properties. Compared with conventional flat practice, the tillage soil layer increased by 25 cm, the soil density decreased by 0.1 g/cm^3 , the soil porosity increased by 7.14% , soil water retaining capacity in- creased by 10.58%. The soil organic matter, the contents of total nitrogen was improved by 71.06% , 88%. Available nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 13.1, 2.24 mg/kg. In the layer of 0 to 40 cm, the soil temperature increased by 2 -4 ℃. Based on the variance a- nalysis, significant difference from soil moisture in the layer of 0 -200 cm was observed between test flat and control flat. [ Conclusion] It was an important farming technique in loess hilly region, which could effectively control the physical and chemical properties of the soil.