2001—2010年北京市西城区慢性病及影响因素监测

Survey on chronic diseases and influence factors in Xicheng District of Beijing,2001-2010

目的分析北京市西城区2001—2010年高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重/肥胖患病情况及影响因素的变化趋势。方法 2001—2010年,每3年对社区居民进行调查,即2001,2004,2007和2010年共4次;采用多阶段整群分层抽样方法进行问卷调查。结果 2001—2010年的4次患病率调查结果显示,高血压分别为19.5%、19.4%、22.4%和21.5%(P=0.031);糖尿病分别为5.2%、7.5%、9.1%和8.5%(P=0.000);血脂异常分别为12.6%、15.3%、14.2%和15.2%(P=0.042);超重肥胖分别为43.9%、48.0%、48.0%和45.1%(P=0.010);高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重/肥胖患病率有增高趋势。吸烟率、饮酒率、吃动物内脏、吃油炸食品有减少的趋势。参加锻炼和吃甜食有增加的趋势。除2001年未做人群心理压力调查外,其余年份感到压力的人越来越多。对2010年和2007年患病情况进行比较,4种疾病患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2010年与2007年慢性病患病率持平,上升趋势得到有效控制。西城区慢性病防治工作已经取得一些成效,要降低慢性病患病率,还要进一步加强防治工作。

Objective To analyze the prevalence trend of hypertension, diabetes, abnormality of blood lipid, overweight/obesity and their influence factors in Xicheng District, Beijing, from 2001 to 2010. Methods The survey was conducted in every three years from 2001 to 2010, totally four times. Questionnaires and multi-stage cluster and stratified sampling methods were applied in the survey. Results In the four prevalence surveys from 2001 to 2010, the hypertension rates were 19.5%, 19.4%, 22.4% and 21.5%, respectively （P =0.031）. Diabetes rates were 5.2%, 7.5%, 9. 1% and 8.5% , respectively （ P = 0. 000 ） . Abnormality rates of blood lipid were 12. 6%, 15.3% , 14. 2% and 15.2% , respectively （P =0. 042）. Overweight/obesity rates were 43.9% , 48. 0%, 48.0% and 45.1%, respectively （P =0. 010） ~ All of them showed an increasing tendency. The rates of smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of animal organs, consumption of fried food showed a declined trend. The rates of physical exercises, sweetie consumption were increased significantly. Except for the survey in 2001, which had no investigation on psychological stress, there were more and more people feeling pressure among surveyed population. Comparing the prevalence of chronic diseases between 2007 and 2010, the differences of four above-mentioned illnesses showed no statistical significance （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion This might indicate that the chronic diseases did not increase significantly along with the time. The prevention of chronic diseases in Xicheng District achieves some effects, but more work need to be done in the future to decrease the prevalence further.