河南省2011年饮水型地方性氟中毒流行状况

Investigation on the epidemic status of drinking-water type endemic fluorosis in Henan province in 2011

目的了解河南省饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《河南省2010年地方病防治项目技术方案》要求,在饮水型氟中毒病区抽取10个县(区),在每个县(区)随机抽取10个降氟改水工程,采用分层抽样方法按照轻、中、重原则随机抽取3个病区村。进行水氟含量及8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况监测。结果在10个县(区)共监测100个降氟改水工程,99个能正常运行,改水工程水氟含量超标率21%(21/100)。共调查30个病区村,其中8个为已改水病区村,降氟改水工程水氟含量全部合格,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙的总检出率52.71%(496/941),缺损率5.84%(55/941),氟斑牙指数1.19,流行强度中等;22个为未改水病区村,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为47.34%(1015/2144),缺损型氟斑牙检出率为13.29%(285/2144),氟斑牙指数为1.15,流行强度中等。结论河南省改水工程水氟含量超标现象依然严重,氟中毒危害仍然较重。因此,应加强改水工程建设的科学论证和竣工时工程验收,杜绝不合格工程投入使用;坚持定期开展水质监测,对水质超标工程及时进行整改。

Objective To grasp the current status of drinking - water type endemic fluorosis in Henan province, so as to provide basis to future prevention and cure. Methods According to ＂The Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in Henan province in 2010＂, 10 counties（districts） with drinking - water type endemic fluorosis were selected. 10 defluoridation projects were selected by random sampling in every county for surveillance, 3 affected villages were divided into mild, moderate and se- vere, which were randomly selected by stratified sampling method from each category of the area to carry out the monitoring of en- demic fluorosis. The fuoride level in water and dental fluorosis of children aged from 8 to 12 were examined. Results Among 100 investigated water improvement projects in the 10 counties , 99 were running normally, fluoride level in water exceeded the standard , accounting for 21% （ 21/100 ）. A total of 30 affected villages were investigated, among which the drinking water quali- ty of 8 villages were improved, and all the fluoride content of defluoridation projects were normal. In the 8 improved - water villa- ges, detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 52.71% （496/941） , defect rate was 5.84% （55/941 } ,and dental fluorosis index was 1. 19 and the prevalence was middle. In the 22 unimproved -water villages, detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 47.34% （ 1015/2144 ） , defect rate was 13.29% （ 285/2144 ） , and dental fluorosis index was 1. 15, the prevalence was medium. Conclusions The fluoride level of defluoridation projects exceeded the standard seri- ously, the fluorosis harm is still heavy in Henan, so scientific verification of water- improving project and work acceptance should be enhanced, preclude the use of unqualified project, water quality monitoring should be launched regularly, and the pro- ject of standard - exceeding of water quality should be improved promptly.