沈阳地区89例湿疹皮炎斑贴试验临床分析

Patchtest for eczema and dermatitis： a clinical analysis of 89 cases in Shenyang

目的了解沈阳地区湿疹皮炎患者接触性变应原的分布及其特点。方法收集2008年3～11月诊断为湿疹皮炎患者。应用斑贴试验分析患者接触性变应原。结果89例检测患者中．25例斑贴试验早现阳性反应。阳性率为28．09％。对1种变应原致敏阳性者21例（占23．60％），对2种变应原致敏阳性者3例（占3．37％），对3种变应原阳性行0例（占0．00％），对4种及4种以上变应原阳性者1例（占1．12％），阴性者30例（占33．71％）。列前4化的常见变应原敛敏依次为：硫酸镍、对苯二胺、硫柳求、芳香混合物。男女斑贴试验阳性率经统计学处理，篾异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。男性患者中阳性率居前3位的变应原是硫酸镍、硫柳汞、甲醛。女性患者中列前3位分别为对苯二胺、硫酸镍、芳香混合物（后2者歼列第2）。男性患者中硫酸镍、硫柳求的阳性检出率比女性明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。中青年组与中老年组阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论斑贴试验有助于明确濉疹皮炎患者的接触性变应原，为疾病的预防及治疗有一定的提示及参考意义。

Objective To explore the distrihution and their characteristics of contact allergens in patients with eczema and dermatitis in Shenyang. Methods Patients who were clinically diagnosed as ec zema or dermatitis in the Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of China Medical Univer sily between March 2008 to November 2008 were enrolled in this study. They were tested with a stand- ardized screening antigen kit on their back or inner part of upper arm, and interpreted 72 hours after patc hing. Results Patch test was completed in 89 patients and 25 （28.09 %） showed at least one positive aI lergen of 20 standardized screening antigens. Twenty-one patients bad one positive allergen （23.60%） while 3 patients had two positive antigens （3.37%）. No one showed three positive antigens, and four or more than 4 antigens were positive in 1 patient （1. 12%）. All antigens were negative in 30 patients （33.71%）. The top four allergens were nickel sulfate, para-phenylenediamine, thimerosal, and fragrant mix in all 8!） patients. There was no statistical difference between male group and female group. The top three allergens were nickel sulfate, thimerosal, formaldehyde in male group while para phenylenediamine, nickel sulfate, fragrant mix were top three in female group （tbelast two were same）. The positive rate of nickel sulfate and thimerosal was obviously higher in male group than female group, and the difference was statistically significant. No statistical significance of positive rate occurred between the youth group and the old group. Conclusions Patchtest is helpful in identifying the property of contact allergens in para eczema and dermatitis, and it is of significance in clinical prevention and treatment of such diseases.