2010年全国中小学生体育锻炼行为现状及原因分析

Current situation and cause analysis of physical activity in Chinese primary and middle school students in 2010

目的:了解我国中小学生体育锻炼现状,为开展学校体育卫生工作提供科学依据。方法:对30个省(区、市)参加2010年全国学生体质健康调研的166 812名汉族4年级以上小学生、初中生和高中生进行体育锻炼与生活方式问卷调查,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析不同群体之间的差异。结果:全国仅有22.7%的汉族中小学生平均每天体育锻炼1 h以上,9～13、13～16和16～19岁年龄段体育锻炼1 h以上报告率分别为32.7%、20.7%和12.5%(P<0.01);不同年龄段学生中,东部地区学生平均每天体育锻炼1 h的报告率均明显高于西部地区学生(P<0.05)。有61.8%的学生认为上体育课"会出汗、有点累",有68.6%的学生表示喜欢上体育课,72.4%的学生愿意参加学校组织的课外体育活动,有46.4%的学生愿意参加长跑锻炼。"怕累、怕吃苦"是不同性别、年龄段学生认为同学不积极参加体育活动和不喜欢参加长跑锻炼的最主要原因。结论:我国学生体育锻炼1 h的报告率较低,不同群体间存在明显差异,今后除进一步保证学生体育锻炼的时间和强度外,还应加强其体育锻炼意识和习惯的培养。

Objective：To analyze the characteristics of physical activity in Chinese primary and middle school students, and to provide scientific basis for school physical education and health work. Methods： The data were collected from 166 812 Han primary school pupils above grade 4, junior and senior middle school students who participated in 2010 National Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance in 30 provinces （ excluding autonomous regions, municipalities）. Results： Nationwide in 2010, 22.7% of the students had been physically active doing any kind of physical activity for a total of at least 60 minutes per day, the prevalence rates of the 9 to 13, 13 to 16, 16 to 19 age groups were 32.7%, 20.7% and 12.5%, respectively （P 〈0.01 ）. The prevalence of having been physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day was higher among the Eastern Region＇ s students than the Western Region＇ s students in the different age groups （P 〈0.05）, of whom 61.8% reported that they sweated and felt a little bit tired in physical education, 68.6% thought that they liked their physical education, 72.4% were willing to take part in extracurricular physical activities organized by their school, and 46.4% were willing to participate in the long distance running exercise. ＂Fear of fatigue or/and hardship＂ was the most impor- tant reason why the students did not actively participate in physical activities and long-distance running exercise among both the boys and girls in the different age groups. Conclusion ： The prevalence of having been physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day in Chinese students is still low, and there is an obvious difference in the different groups. ercise time and intensity be further guaranteed, physical exercise cultured. In the future, not only should the students＇ physical exbut also their awareness strengthened and their habits of physical exercise cultured.