促进可再生能源发电发展政策效率评估

Efficiency Evaluation of Promotion Policies for Renewable Energy Power

介绍了不同国家现行促进可再生能源发电发展的主要政策,重点分析了价格驱动机制典型政策,如固定电价收购制与配额驱动机制典型政策配额交易制的不同特性。以欧盟国家为样本,采用数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型,对固定电价收购制和配额交易制的效率进行了实证研究,发现总体而言固定电价收购制的相对效率较高,配额交易制的相对效率较低。原因主要是配额交易制未实现不同技术的差别补贴而导致政策成本较高,给发电商带来的风险较高,而且配额交易制实施时间较短尚不成熟。根据可再生能源发电技术的不同成熟程度,政策的效率会有所变化,固定电价收购制和配额交易制适用于可再生能源发电发展过程中的不同阶段。

This paper introduces the main promoting policies for renewable energy power currently adopted by different countries and makes a focal analysis of the typical policies for price-driven mechanism such as feed-in tariff （FIT） and quota-based tradable green certificate （TGC）. By taking the EU countries as samples, an empirical study has been conducted on the efficiency of FIT and TGC by using data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and it is found that FIT has a relatively higher efficiency compared with TGC. The main reason is that in the TGC system, the policy cost is higher due to the lack of technology-specific financial support, so the risk to investors is higher. Furthermore, the TGC market is still immature because of the short implementation period. Along with the maturity of the renewable energy generation technologies, the efficiency of the policy will change. FIT and TGC applies to different development stages of renewable energy generation.