体育锻炼与老年人生活满意度关系:自我效能、社会支持、自尊的中介作用

Relationship between Physical Exercise and Life Satisfaction:The Mediation Effects of Self-efficacy,Social Support and Self-esteem

目的:验证体育锻炼与老年人生活满意度的相关性,以及自我效能、社会支持和自尊在体育锻炼与老年人生活满意度关系间的中介作用。研究方法:对来自天津市市内六区的315名老年人样本的锻炼行为、生活满意度、自我效能、社会支持和自尊进行了测量,主要采用分层回归分析及路径分析的方法进行验证。研究结果:分层回归显示体育锻炼对样本生活满意度的标准回归系数在回归模型中加入自我效能、朋友支持和自尊后,由0.36大幅下降为0.09;自我效能、朋友支持和自尊对样本生活满意度的标准回归系数为0.32、0.11、-0.26;锻炼频次、锻炼时长和集体锻炼对自我效能的标准回归系数分别为0.31、0.24、0.45,且均P<0.01;集体锻炼对朋友支持的标准回归系数为0.25;体育锻炼对自尊的标准回归系数不具有统计学意义。结论:体育锻炼与老年人生活满意度不存在直接相关;朋友支持和自我效能是体育锻炼与老年人生活满意度关系间的中介变量。

Objective： To test the relationship between physical exercise and life satisfaction in elder,and self-efficacy,social support,self-esteem as the mediators between them.Method： A total of 315 participants,reported their physical exercise habits,life satisfaction,self-efficacy,social support,self-esteem survey.Hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis were used for testing above hypothesises.Result： While life satisfaction was as dependent variable,hierarchical regression analysis showed,the standardize coefficients of physical exercise decreased from 0.36（P0.01） to 0.09（P0.05,ΔR2=0.25） and self-efficacy,friend support,self-esteem were 0.32（P0.01）,0.11（P0.05）,-0.26（P0.01） respectively when self-efficacy,friend support and self-esteem was added into the regression model.While self-efficacy was as dependent variable,the standardize coefficients of exercise frequency,exercise duration and collective exercise were 0.31（P0.01）,0.24（P0.01）,0.45（P0.01） respectively.While friend support was a dependent variable,the standardize coefficients of collective exercise were 0.25（P0.05）.There was no relationship between self-esteem and physical exercise.Conclusion： There is no direct relationship between physical exercise and life-satisfaction in elder,and self-efficacy and friend support are the mediators between them.