车用动力电池系统的关键技术与学科前沿

Key technologies and fundamental academic issues for traction battery systems

车用动力电池系统在性能、成本、寿命、安全性上的局限是制约电动汽车走向普及的瓶颈。该文对42款电动汽车的动力电池系统进行了统计和分析。整理出并综述了四大关键技术:电池组配技术、热管理技术、电能管理技术、安全保障技术。提炼出这些关键技术的两个基础科学问题:1)多约束、多尺度产热积层体复合系统的产热、传热、散热规律;2)非线性、时变、非均一多个体混联电池系统的建模、辨识及控制理论。展望了车用电池系统的智能化、网络化趋势。

The limitation of traction battery systems in performance, cost, life, and safety constitutes the bottleneck for the diffusion of electric vehicles. This paper analyzes dozens of electric vehicles in the phase of R ＆ D and several major commercialized electric vehicles, identifies and reviews four key technologies for the traction battery system, the assembly of cells into the battery, thermal management, electric energy management, and safety. Underlying these key technologies two fundamental academic issues are specified： 1） the generation, transfer, and removal of heat in the stacked composite system comprising cells and heat conduction plates/flow fields; 2） the modeling, identification, and control of the battery system comprising a multitude of non-linear, time-varying cells connected in parallel and series. Further development tendency for traction battery systems are viewed, such as the smart cell and the integration with the grid and internet.