中央与地方立法权限划分标准之检视——以中、美两国为对象的比较分析

Inspecting the Dividing Standard of the Central and Local Legislative Authority——A Comparative Analysis between China and the USA

在中央与地方立法权限的划分标准上,美国采取"影响范围"标准,较好地解决了美国联邦中央和地方之间的立法权限划分问题。相比之下,中国采取"重要程度"标准来实现中央与地方之间立法权限的划分,由此导致中央与地方立法权限划分不清、相互抵牾等诸多问题。借鉴美国经验,我国应转而采用"影响范围"标准。至于对各项事务"影响范围"的判断,则需要从实体和程序两个方面进行制度性构建。

On the issue of dividing standard of central and local legislative authority, the USA takes the standard of ＂influencing area＂, which successfully solves the problem of authority classfication among central government and the states. Chine adopts the standard of ＂degree of importance＂ with regard to the issue, and thus leads to the obscurity in classfication and contradiction among central and local legislative authority. China should make reference to the experience of the USA, and adopts the standard of ＂influencing area＂. As to the judging of ＂influencing area＂ of various eases, the systematice construction should be made from the aspects of entity and procedure.