污泥中重金属的稳定化研究进展与去除方法简述

Research Progress of Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Sludge and Their Removal Methods

通过"十一五"污水处理厂的建设,我国污泥产量也随之大幅增长,污泥的处理处置已经成为制约社会经济发展的重要问题。国际上的经验表明土地利用是污泥最终处置的主要发展方向,然而污泥中的重金属成为其土地利用的主要障碍。越来越多的研究者意识到,重金属的环境危害不仅仅取决于其总量,更取决于重金属存在形态。目前,Tessier分步提取法作为主流的污泥重金属划分方法,取得了广泛应用,该法将污泥中的重金属分成5种形态,分别为可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态。本文以此为基础综述了目前国内外主要的污泥重金属稳定和去除方法的原理及研究进展,比较了不同重金属稳定及去除方法的优点与不足,并提出了新的展望。

Through construction of sewage treatment plant during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, sludge production increased a lot. It leads to serious problems of sludge treatment and disposal that is restricting the development of society and economy. According to the experiences abroad, the method of land applications is the trend of the final disposal of sludge. However, heavy metal existence in sludge obstructs the land application. More and more researchers realize that the heavy metal hazard depends not only on the total amount but also the existence form. Presently, as a popular method for dividing the heavy metals in sludge, Tessier＇ s Step-by-step Extraction is applied widely. It classifies the heavy metals in sludge into five existence forms, i.e. , changeable state, carbonate, Iron-manganese oxide, organic state and residue. In this paper, based on the description above, the mechanism and research progress of present popular stabilization and removal processes are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages of different process are compared. The prospects in this respect arc proposed as well.