铁路货车厚板多道焊仿真研究

Numerical Simulation of Multi-pass Welding of Coarse Plate of Railway Wagon

由于焊接过程的复杂性,在实际生产中,对焊接残余应力和残余变形认识不足和难以掌握,在许多情况下仍然是凭经验处理。随着焊接数值方法和计算机技术的发展,数值模拟技术起着越来越重要的作用。本文以铁路货车厚板对接接头多道焊为例,使用SYSWELD软件,基于热弹塑性有限元方法,利用热循环曲线代替瞬态热源对焊缝进行加载的方式,实现多道焊残余应力与残余变形的仿真计算,并且同实验结果对比,验证了仿真模型的正确性,为实际结构焊接变形预测和控制提供了理论依据。

Because of the complexity of the welding process, it is difficult to understand and master the distribu- tion of welding residual stresses and residual deformations in structure and in many cases they are usually dealt with by experience. Along with development of welding methods and computer technology,the numerical simu- lation technology plays more and more important role. In this paper,the multi-pass butt welding joints of coarse plates of railway wagons were taken as an example for simulation. The multi-pass welding residual stresses and residual deformations were simulated by adopting the thermal elastic-plastic finite element method, with SYSWELD software and by utilizing the thermal cycling curve instead of the transient heat source. The simulated results were compared with experimental results. The accuracy of the simulation model was proved, thus provi- ding theoretical basis for welding deformation forecast and control.