释道安“五失本、三不易”翻译思想评析

Comment on Shi Daoan's Translation Thought of "Five Losses of Source Texts and Three Difficulties in Translation"

公元383年,释道安提出了著名的"五失本、三不易"翻译思想,"五失本"谈到翻译的语序问题、文质问题和详简问题。对于"一失本"的语序问题,道安主张失本而采用倒装语序;对于"二失本"的文质问题,道安主张根据读者层次和不同文体选择质派或文派翻译,提倡发挥质、文两派的优势,更好地进行佛典汉译;对于"三失本、四失本、五失本"的详简问题,道安认为就一般佛典而言,反复叮咛、啰唆琐碎的颂文、义辞和反腾都应删去,但戒律翻译应该保留;"三不易"谈到佛典汉译面临的时代因素、读者因素和译者因素,这三大因素导致了佛典汉译不容易。

In 383,Shi Daoan put forward the famous translation thought of ＂Five Losses of Source Texts and Three Difficulties in Translation＂.＂Five Losses of Source Texts＂ discusses the problems of word order,work or essence,detail or simplification.As for the word order of the First Loss of Source Texts,Daoan clearly advocates the inversion.As for the Second Loss of Source Texts,Daoan proposes to choose work or essence translation according to readers’ level and different styles and advocates taking advantages of two schools in order to translate Chinese Buddhist Scriptures better.As for the simplication or detail of the Third,Fourth and Fifth Loss of Source Texts,Daoan thinks the trivial,repeated eulogy,ode and conclusion words should be deleted generally except for the translation of Buddhist discipline.＂Three Difficulties in Translation＂ discusses the factors of times,readers and translators that Buddhist Scripture translation faces.It is these three factors that result in the difficulties of translating Chinese Buddhist Scriptures.