针对中老年人的性病艾滋病社区干预模式研究

Community Intervention Mode of STD and HIV for Elderly

目的研究制定科学有效的中老年性病艾滋病社区干预模式。方法在南昌市青山湖区选择4个中老年人口较集聚的社区为研究现场,50岁以上的男性中老年人(居住3个月以上)作为研究对象。每个社区各随机选择50名研究对象完成基线调查后,采用"信息传播+行为参与+行为激励"模式进行为期2年的性病艾滋病健康教育干预。干预后,再次在各社区随机选择50名研究对象进行问卷调查,对干预前后结果进行比较。结果干预后目标人群对坚持使用安全套和保持一个性伴可以降低艾滋病感染风险、蚊虫叮咬不会传播艾滋病的知晓率较干预前均有显著提高(P<0.01),认为中老年人中没有婚外性行为、吸毒、同性性行为的人数所占比例较干预前显著增高(P<0.05),干预前后目标人群接受免费性病艾滋病检测的依从率均为100.0%,并发现了1例艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体阳性者。结论在社区中老年中采取"信息传播+行为参与+行为激励"模式进行性病艾滋病健康教育可以有效提高目标人群艾滋病知识的知晓率和检测性病和HIV的依从性。

Objective To formulate a scientific and effective community intervention model of sexually transmitted diseases（STD） and HIV for elderly.Methods Four communities which concentrated elderly population were chosen as the study fields in Qingshanhu District of Nanchang.Elderly men over 50 years of age（residence for more than 3 months） were chosen as the study objects.After the based investigation,2 years of ＂information dissemination ﹠ behavior participation ﹠ behavior drove＂ health and education intervention of STD and HIV was carried out among the population.After intervention,another questionnaire survey was performed among 50 randomly selected subjects.Results were compared before and after intervention.Results After intervention,the awareness of the target population was obviously enhanced for the ＂insist on condom use＂＂maintain a partner can reduce the risk of HIV infection＂ and ＂mosquito bites can not spread HIV＂（P0.01）,and the proportion of elderly people without extra-marital sex,narcotic taking and homosexual behavior was significantly increased（P0.05）.The compliance rates with free STD and AIDS testing were both 100.0% before and after intervention.One subject was found to be HIV-antibody positive.Conclusion The awareness rates of STD and HIV and examination compliance can be significantly increased by the form of ＂information dissemination ﹠behavior participate ﹠ behavior encourage＂ in the elderly population.