叔本华的人性论——如何在天性的范围内思考道德的根源

Schopenhauer's Theory of Human Nature——How to Trace the Root of Morality Within the Scope of Natural Instincts

叔本华是在康德思想的影响之下重新思考道德的人性根基。他并非以一种既定的方式给出人性的善或恶,人性的三种先天因素(利己主义、恶意与同情)对于任何个体而言,都只是作为一种预先的潜在可能性而存在;潜在可能性意味着其现实化过程中具有多样性,由此表现为不同个体之间性格的先天差异。同情本身即是独立自在的人类天性,也是道德行为唯一真实的动机。叔本华的人性论是对自然人性论的超越。

Schopenhauer rethinks the root of humanity under the influence of thoughts of Kant. He doesn＇ t define the virtue and vice of human nature. To any individual, the three innate factors （ egoism, malicious and sympathy） exist as a potential possibility - which means they will be of variety in the process of actualization, and therefore, leads to the innate differences among characters of individuals. Compassion itself is an independent innate human nature and the only real motive of moral behavior. Sehopenhauer＇ s theory of human nature surpasses theory of natural human nature in this way.