论纳撒尼尔·霍桑的反智主义

On Nathaniel Hawthorne's Anti-Intellectualism

因为美国特殊的人口结构,反智主义思想在美国根深蒂固。纳撒尼尔·霍桑身处的19世纪更是美国历史上反智主义风行的时代。当时,不少美国人认为"知识越多越有害",对把持知识的"只动脑不动手"的知识精英持怀疑甚至否定的态度。著名作家霍桑正是其中的一名代表。从霍桑在生活及其代表作《红字》中表现出来的对知识和知识人的态度,可以看出,他具有很明显的反智主义倾向。

Because of the special population structure, anti-intellectualism is deeply entrenched in the United States. The 19th century when Nathaniel Hawthorne lived is a time that anti-intellectualism prevailed in the American history. At that time, many Americans thought that ＂more knowledge, more harm＂ and took a doubtful or even negative attitude towards the intellectual elites who were thought as ＂being smart in brain rather than hand＂. The famous writer Hawthorne is one representative of them. His tendency to fanti-intelleetualism is obviously revealed from his attitude towards knowledge and intellectuals, which is reflected in both his life and his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter.